By January 2023, ChatGPT had become the fastest-growing consumer software application in history, gaining over 100 million users in two months. It is credited with accelerating the AI boom, an ongoing period marked by rapid investment and public attention toward the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Bruce Bower has written about the behavioral sciences for Science News since 1984.
This ancient Siberian ice mummy had a talented tattooist
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- Colossal identified a group of wolves on the Gulf Coast of Texas and Louisiana that genetically match red wolves, though they’re not officially recognized as such.
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Although people were growing an early rice 9,000 to 8,400 years ago, about 60 percent orionsbet casino review of plants were still dispersing seeds via shattering. But domesticated grains, including rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and millet, have mutations that prevent shattering. The final threshold that separates a fully domesticated crop from a cultivated one is that domesticated plants require human intervention to spread their seeds, Fuller says. People were certainly cultivating rice in India, but that’s just one step in the domestication process. But true domestication probably happened only once — in China, says Dorian Fuller, an archaeobotanist at University College London. So scientists have to extract the story from artifacts and bones or from DNA.
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There was a time when the species that now inhabit humans’ homes, fields and barnyards didn’t exist. Some have jobs — carrying heavy loads, pulling wagons and plows, and herding other animals. For thousands of years, humans have lived with animals. Exactly how 70 generations of breeding have ingrained friendly or hostile behaviors in the rats’ DNA is a mystery that domestication researchers are trying to solve. Tales of animal and plant domestication are being retold, with some exciting genetic twists. Plus, their fast crypto payouts will have you cashing out in no time.
(Foxes bred to be aggressive, on the other hand, are definitely not happy to have people around, much like the fearful rats Cagan encountered at the institute.) In Kukekova’s early visits, about 70 percent of the tame foxes were considered “elite,” aquiver with excitement when people came around. To this day, the only other insect that is domesticated is the honeybee. In China, people began domesticating the larvae of silk moths for the fine, strong threads of their cocoons as early as 7,500 years ago, genetic evidence suggests. One central developmental change — in a temporary clump of cells called the neural crest — may be behind the suite of characteristics known as domestication syndrome. We summarize the week's scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.
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Many were domesticated before writing was even invented. Perhaps those dogs were part of an early, failed attempt at domestication, she says. The mitochondrial DNA of the Goyet and Russian dogs belongs to a maternal lineage that didn’t leave any modern descendants, researchers reported in Science in 2013. Scientists examined mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mothers to offspring, to trace maternal lineages of ancient and modern dogs and wolves. Researchers also wrangle over where and how many times it happened.
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Locating the cradle of most species’ domestication is difficult. Most domesticated mammals, including dogs, tend to have smaller bodies than their wild counterparts, with smaller skulls that have shorter, wider snouts and shorter, lower jaws. It’s also possible the animals were used for fur or meat. Those early dogs may have been used as pack animals to move mammoth carcasses from hunting grounds to living quarters, says Germonpré.
The beloved pets are the subjects of much domestication research. That’s the task of paleontologist Mietje Germonpré of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels, who studies dog domestication. On a trip to collect DNA samples from ancient horse bones in Mongolia, Orlando got a whole new perspective on domestication. Aharoni wanted a convenient animal to rear in the laboratory, but the creatures were so easily tamed that breeders began selling them as pets.
ChatGPT has been used to generate introductory sections and abstracts for scientific articles. The FTC asked OpenAI for comprehensive information about its technology and privacy safeguards, as well as any steps taken to prevent the recurrence of situations in which its chatbot generated false and derogatory content about people. In July 2023, the FTC launched an investigation into OpenAI, the creator of ChatGPT, over allegations that the company scraped public data and published false and defamatory information. OpenAI said it has taken steps to effectively clarify and address the issues raised; an age verification tool was implemented to ensure users are at least 13 years old. A shadow market has emerged for users to get access to foreign software tools.
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Human coprophagy doesn’t surface in the zoo team’s review of other animals. For rabbits and a variety of other small animals with plant-rich diets, poop-eating serves as a digestive workaround for not being a cow, whose stomachs have extra compartments. “I had no idea how many baby animals ate their mom’s poop to get microbes to help populate the gut,” says evolutionary biologist Elaine J. Power, now retired in Eugene, Ore. Tallying just the examples from vertebrates reported in scientific journals, the authors document coprophagy in more than 150 species, from adult black bears to baby koalas.
Until recently, researchers compared DNA from modern domestic animals with that of wild relatives, preferably the wild species that gave rise to the domesticated species. Both paths — scientists are still debating which was more likely for different animals — led to the creation of domesticated species or subspecies genetically distinct from their wild ancestors. That type of facial remodeling is part of the domestication syndrome, which also includes curly tails, floppy ears and other characteristics common among domesticated animals but not wild ones. The aim is to replay domestication to determine the genetic underpinnings that set domesticated animals apart from their wild ancestors. News reports heralded the animals as “scientifically seismic” and said “the dire wolf is back.” Still, some scientists aren’t buying it. Scientists at Colossal Biosciences announced the de-extinction of dire wolves, animals that lived during the Pleistocene.